Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 48
Filter
1.
Clin. biomed. res ; 40(2): 76-83, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1148007

ABSTRACT

Introduction: This study aimed to describe clinical trials approved by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and coordinated by federal university hospitals (FUHs), as well as to investigate the relationship between the number of clinical trials and the assistance provided by these FUHs. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on data obtained from the ANVISA clinical trial consultation system. The National Register of Health Care Facilities and the Ambulatory Care Information System of the Unified Health System (SUS) were used as sources of information on the assistance provided by FUHs, such as the mean number of specialized medical consultations and the number of beds. Scatter plot and Spearman's correlation coefficient analyses were used to verify the association between these aspects of FUHs and the number of clinical trials. Results: Between 2012 and 2013, ANVISA authorized 209 trials to be coordinated by 23 FUHs; 75% of the trials were coordinated by 7 FUHs, 69.8% were phase III trials, and 94% were multicenter studies. The number of clinical trials presented positive and statistically significant associations with the mean number of specialized medical consultations and the number of beds (Spearman's correlation coefficients r = +0.70 and r = +0.64, respectively). Conclusion: FUHs have a leadership role in the conduction of clinical trials in Brazil, but showed heterogeneity regarding their assistance capacities and the number of clinical trials. A predominance of phase III trials may be interpreted as a low use of the scientific potentiality of these facilities. (AU)


Subject(s)
Retrospective Studies , Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Federal/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Teaching/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency , Ambulatory Care
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(11): 4263-4275, nov. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039518

ABSTRACT

Resumo O cuidado centrado no paciente se constitui em um movimento incipiente e sua prática ainda encontra obstáculos no sistema de saúde brasileiro, onde é pouco identificado como uma dimensão da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde. Baseado nisso, este artigo se propõe a estabelecer uma agenda de pesquisa sobre o cuidado centrado no paciente/pessoa, com vistas a subsidiar a sua implementação em serviços de saúde do país. Foi realizado um painel com nove especialistas, a fim de apreender diferentes olhares sobre o tema. A discussão presencial foi subsidiada por um documento sistematizando uma proposta inicial de agenda e uma breve apresentação sobre o conceito de cuidado centrado no paciente e elementos teóricos que conformam sua prática. Os participantes do painel definiram um conjunto de itens a serem explorados em estudos no sentido da identificação de estratégias de implementação, fortalecimento e medição do cuidado centrado no paciente no contexto brasileiro.


Abstract Patient-centered care is an incipient movement and its practice still faces obstacles in the Brazilian health system, where it is not extensively identified as healthcare quality realm. Thus, this paper aims to establish a patient/person-centered care research agenda to support its implementation in the country's healthcare services. A panel was held with nine experts to grasp different views on the subject. The face-to-face discussion was supported by a document systematizing an initial agenda proposal and a brief presentation of the patient-centered care concept and theoretical elements that underpin its practice. Panel participants defined a set of items to be explored in studies to identify implementation and to strengthen and to measure strategies for patient-centered care in the Brazilian context.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient-Centered Care/organization & administration , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Quality of Health Care , Brazil , Delivery of Health Care/standards
3.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 76(5): 203-209, sep.-oct. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089133

ABSTRACT

Resumen Desde su concepción, el enfoque del curso de vida se ha utilizado ampliamente en la investigación sociodemográfica y en los estudios sociológicos. El empleo de esta perspectiva se ha difundido desde hace algunos años en la investigación en salud. Sin embargo, su uso ha sido muy limitado en pediatría. Este trabajo presenta una exposición de los principales conceptos del enfoque del curso de vida y algunos principios metodológicos para el desarrollo de investigaciones desde esta perspectiva. Además, se incluyen una serie de proyectos de investigación que se han valido de este enfoque como fundamentación conceptual en su diseño e implementación y algunas fuentes de información que pueden ser utilizadas para el desarrollo de investigaciones desde esta conceptualización en México.


Abstract Since its inception, the life course approach has been widely used in the socio-demographic research and sociological studies. The use of this perspective in health research has spread for some years, although its use in pediatrics has been limited. This work presents the main concepts of the life course approach and some methodological principles for the development of research from this perspective. In addition, a series of research projects that have used this approach as a conceptual basis in their design and implementation are included, as well as some sources of information that can be used for the development of research since this conceptualization in Mexico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pediatrics/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Life Change Events , Mexico
4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(9): 3571-3582, set. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019663

ABSTRACT

Resumo Discute-se a reorganização das relações entre a produção científica e as inovações produtivas a partir do quarto final do século XX cuja expressão mais geral foi uma intensa aproximação espaço-temporal entre essas duas atividades. O setor de saúde humana foi um dos setores onde essa aproximação ocorreu com grande intensidade e o texto discute algumas bases conceituais importantes nesse processo, trazendo as contribuições de Gibbons, Stokes e Lundvall-Freeman, bem como as de Merton, Kuhn e Bourdieu no que se refere à organização do trabalho científico. Aponta e discute três processos derivados dessa reorganização, quais sejam a erosão do conceito do conhecimento científico como um bem público, a difusão de um personagem denominado 'pesquisador empreendedor' e o aparecimento da estratégia da pesquisa translacional.


Abstract The scope of this paper is a discussion of the transformative relationship between scientific research and productive innovation, which occurred from the final quarter of the twentieth century onwards. The main characteristic of the phenomenon was an intense space-time approximation of the two activities. The human health sector has been one of the main fields where that approximation was most markedly observed. Some major conceptual bases of the reorganization are discussed, and the text examines works by Gibbons, Stokes and Lundvall-Freeman, as well as Merton, Kuhn and Bourdieu with respect to the organization of the scientific work. The paper highlights and discusses three aspects that arose from the new configuration, namely the erosion of the well-established concept of scientific knowledge as a public good, the appearance of the individual referred to as the 'entrepreneurial researcher' and the emergence of the strategy of translational research in health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Personnel/organization & administration , Entrepreneurship , Translational Research, Biomedical/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Logic
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(9): 3571-3582, set. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019694

ABSTRACT

Resumo Discute-se a reorganização das relações entre a produção científica e as inovações produtivas a partir do quarto final do século XX cuja expressão mais geral foi uma intensa aproximação espaço-temporal entre essas duas atividades. O setor de saúde humana foi um dos setores onde essa aproximação ocorreu com grande intensidade e o texto discute algumas bases conceituais importantes nesse processo, trazendo as contribuições de Gibbons, Stokes e Lundvall-Freeman, bem como as de Merton, Kuhn e Bourdieu no que se refere à organização do trabalho científico. Aponta e discute três processos derivados dessa reorganização, quais sejam a erosão do conceito do conhecimento científico como um bem público, a difusão de um personagem denominado 'pesquisador empreendedor' e o aparecimento da estratégia da pesquisa translacional.


Abstract The scope of this paper is a discussion of the transformative relationship between scientific research and productive innovation, which occurred from the final quarter of the twentieth century onwards. The main characteristic of the phenomenon was an intense space-time approximation of the two activities. The human health sector has been one of the main fields where that approximation was most markedly observed. Some major conceptual bases of the reorganization are discussed, and the text examines works by Gibbons, Stokes and Lundvall-Freeman, as well as Merton, Kuhn and Bourdieu with respect to the organization of the scientific work. The paper highlights and discusses three aspects that arose from the new configuration, namely the erosion of the well-established concept of scientific knowledge as a public good, the appearance of the individual referred to as the 'entrepreneurial researcher' and the emergence of the strategy of translational research in health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Personnel/organization & administration , Entrepreneurship , Translational Research, Biomedical/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Logic
7.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(4): 217-225, Jul.-Aug. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289690

ABSTRACT

Abstract Vulnerability in research occurs when the participant is incapable of protecting his or her interests and therefore, has an increased probability of being intentionally or unintentionally harmed. This manuscript aims to discuss the conditions that make a group vulnerable and the tools and requirements that can be used to reduce the ethical breaches when including them in research protocols. The vulnerability can be due either to an inability to understand and give informed consent or to unequal power relationships that hinder basic rights. Excluding subjects from research for the only reason of belonging to a vulnerable group is unethical and will bias the results of the investigation. To consider a subject or group as vulnerable depends on the context, and the investigator should evaluate each case individually.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research/ethics , Ethics, Research , Research Subjects , Vulnerable Populations , Research Personnel/organization & administration , Research Personnel/ethics , Bias , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Informed Consent/ethics
8.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(3): 319-321, may.-jun. 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286508

ABSTRACT

Resumen La investigación clínica es la herramienta de mayor importancia para la identificación de estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas que deriven en mayor eficacia y seguridad. A pesar de su trascendencia, la implementación exitosa de la investigación clínica presenta numerosas dificultades; entre las más relevantes se encuentra la poca disponibilidad de recursos para realizar ensayos clínicos independientes. Por lo general, la industria farmacéutica absorbe los costos asociados con la mayoría de los ensayos clínicos, sin embargo, esto puede generar una disociación entre los temas de interés y las prioridades en salud, al existir interés económico como principal motivación de estos protocolos. Además del papel relevante de la industria farmacéutica, es importante que las instancias gubernamentales favorezcan las condiciones, tanto económicas como regulatorias, para la implementación de investigación clínica independiente, que aborde temas de interés médico y terapéutico, aunque no genere beneficios económicos empresariales.


Abstract Clinical research is the most important tool for the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that derive in higher efficacy and safety. Despite its significance, successful implementation of clinical research faces numerous difficulties, with one the most relevant being limited availability of resources for the performance of independent clinical trials. Generally, the pharmaceutical industry absorbs the costs associated with most clinical trials; however, this can generate dissociation between subjects of interest and health priorities when economic interest is the main driver of these protocols. In addition to the relevant role played by the pharmaceutical industry, it is important that government agencies favor adequate conditions, both in economic and regulatory aspects, for the implementation of independent clinical research that addresses subjects of medical and therapeutic interest, even if it does not generate corporate economic benefits.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Trials as Topic/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Drug Industry/organization & administration , Financial Support , Clinical Trials as Topic/economics , Biomedical Research/economics , Drug Industry/economics
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(5): 1617-1626, Mai. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001790

ABSTRACT

Abstract This paper analyzes capacity building in practice, addressing the expectations, imaginaries and experiences of health researchers from Mozambique and Angola. The empirical data stems from the Erasmus+ funded project "University Development and Innovation - Africa (UDI-A)", a consortium established between European and African institutions to promote the mobility and empowerment of African academics, the establishment of North/South research partnerships and the strengthening of African institutions. Through qualitative research methods - semi-structured interviews and a focus group with African participants, and participant observation - this article analyzes the experiences of African academics working in the health field, their perceptions of capacity building and aspirations during their stay in Portugal in 2018. By addressing some of their concerns and achievements, this paper reflects on the performativity of capacity building methodologies, exploring a wide range of issues that emerge within the framework of North/South partnerships, inquiring whether it would be possible to decolonize capacity-building methodologies.


Resumo Este artigo analisa dispositivos de capacitação na prática, explorando as expetativas, os imaginários e as experiências de pesquisadores de saúde de Moçambique e Angola. Os dados empíricos resultam do projeto "University Development and Innovation - Africa (UDI-A)", financiado pelo programa Erasmus+, um consórcio estabelecido entre instituições europeias e africanas para promover a mobilidade e a capacitação de académicos africanos, o estabelecimento de parcerias de investigação Norte/Sul e o fortalecimento das instituições africanas. Através de metodologias qualitativas - entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupos de discussão com participantes africanos, e observação participante - este artigo analisa as experiências de académicos africanos trabalhando no setor da saúde, as suas perceções da capacitação e as suas ambições durante a estadia em Portugal em 2018. Através da análise das suas preocupações e sucessos, este artigo reflete acerca da performatividade das metodologias de capacitação, explorando um vasto leque de tópicos que emergem no contexto das parcerias Norte/Sul, questionando a possibilidade de uma descolonização das metodologias de capacitação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Personnel/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Capacity Building , Portugal , Interviews as Topic , Focus Groups , Cooperative Behavior , International Cooperation , Angola , Mozambique
10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 24(3): 1111-1120, mar. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-989592

ABSTRACT

Resumo A aprovação da Lei no 12.764/2012 representou uma vitória do ativismo político de familiares de autistas no Brasil, mas também deu visibilidade a um enorme antagonismo entre uma parcela significativa de pais de autistas e a rede de saúde mental. Este artigo analisa o posicionamento dos diferentes atores envolvidos na controvérsia que se sucedeu à aprovação e regulamentação da lei, e procura demonstrar as razões pelas quais essa polêmica antecede à lei e não se resolve com ela. Argumenta-se que a conturbada relação entre o movimento político de pais de autistas e a rede de saúde mental pode ser mais bem entendida se tomarmos a construção e a legitimação de uma rede de "expertise" a respeito dos transtornos do espectro autista como indissociável da construção de uma identidade social e política para os autistas no Brasil. O artigo utiliza como referência teórica os Estudos sobre Expertise e Experiência, que têm como principal pano de fundo uma discussão acerca do novo regime de relações entre a pesquisa científica e a sociedade civil. Entretanto, demonstramos também que a consolidação dessa rede de expertise vem ocorrendo apesar da ausência de uma ampla rede de tratamentos especializados e de uma reconfiguração profunda no regime de pesquisa e de produção de conhecimento sobre autismo no Brasil.


Abstract The passing of federal law 12,764/2012 marked a victory for the political activism of parents of autistic individuals in Brazil, but it also drew attention to the serious antagonism between parents of autistic individuals and the mental health network. This article examines the perspectives of social actors involved in the controversy that took place after the enactment of this law and seeks to show why this controversy precedes the passing of the law and is not resolved by it. The argument is that the troubled relationship between the political movement of parents of autistic individuals and the mental health network can be better understood when the construction and consolidation of a network of expertise around autism spectrum disorders as being inseparable from the construction of a social and political identity for autistic people in Brazil is taken into consideration. The article draws inspiration from the Studies of Expertise and Experience, which discuss the new regime of relations between scientific research and civil society. Nevertheless, it is also seen that the consolidation of this expertise network has arisen despite the absence of a broad specialized treatment network and of a profound reconfiguration in the regime of scientific research and production of knowledge about autism in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Autistic Disorder/therapy , Political Activism , Mental Health Services/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Parents , Politics , Specialization/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Mental Health , Biomedical Research/legislation & jurisprudence , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , National Health Programs/organization & administration
11.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 35(1): e00059218, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-974619

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Este artículo describe los resultados de un protocolo de recuperación de participantes (PRP) en la cohorte CHICAMOCHA, tras 12 años desde el último seguimiento, e identificar factores asociados al re-contacto. En un estudio de cohorte prospectiva de 1.644 participantes en Bucaramanga, Colombia (edad media 36 años; desviación estándar = 8.5 años; 63% hombres), se implementó el PRP que incluyó 4 estrategias secuenciales: (1) contacto telefónico; (2) envío de correspondencia; (3) visita al domicilio; y (4) publicación de avisos de prensa. Luego de los pasos 1-2, se buscó refrescar la información de contacto en bases de datos gubernamentales para reaplicar paralelamente la secuencia 1-2 en no contactados. Se calcularon tasas de contacto crudas y ponderadas por estrategia del PRP y el rendimiento global. Se estimó la asociación entre las características de los participantes en línea de base y su estado después del PRP mediante regresión logística múltiple. Se contactaron 1.258 (76,4%) participantes; el 65% (n = 825) por contacto telefónico. Las tasas de contacto ponderadas fueron: 41% contacto telefónico, 14,6% correspondencia y 31% visitas. El contacto por avisos de prensa fue virtualmente nulo. Una edad > 36 años (OR = 1,48); estrato socioeconómico bajo (OR = 1,42) y ser propietario de vivienda en la línea de base (OR = 2,05) se asociaron al re-contacto. Consistente con otros reportes, el contacto telefónico es la estrategia de re-contacto con mayor rendimiento en estudios longitudinales. Los individuos con características que aumentan la movilidad geográfica podrían requerir de periodos de seguimiento más estrechos y estrategias de contacto adicionales.


Abstract: This article seeks to describe the results of a participant recovery protocol in the CHICAMOCHA cohort after 12 years of follow-up and to identify factors associated with re-contact. In a prospective cohort study with 1,644 participants in Bucaramanga, Colombia (mean age 36 years; standard deviation = 8.5 years; 63% men), we implemented a participant recovery protocol that included 4 sequential strategies: (1) phone contact; (2) sending mail; (3) visiting the household; and (4) Publishing notices in the press local. Following steps 1-2, we attempted to update contact information through government databases in order to once again apply steps 1-2 for individuals who had not been contacted. We calculated crude and weighted rates of contact by participant recovery protocol strategy and overall return. We estimated the association between baseline participant characteristics and their state after participant recovery protocol through multiple logistical regression. We contacted 1,258 (76.4%) participants; 65% (n = 825) through phone contact. Weighted rates of contact were: 41% phone contact, 14.6% mail and 31% visits. Contact through newspaper ads was practically null. Age > 36 years (OR = 1.48); low socioeconomic stratum (OR = 1.42) or being a home owner at baseline (OR = 2.05) were associated with re-contact. Consistent with other descriptions, phone contact is the re-contacting strategy with greatest returns in longitudinal studies. Individuals with characteristics that increase geographical mobility may require shorter follow-up periods and additional contact strategies.


Resumo: Este artigo trata de descrever os resultados de um protocolo de recuperação dos participantes na coorte CHICAMOCHA, após 12 anos sem acompanhamento, e identificar fatores associados ao re-contato. Em um estudo de coorte prospectiva com 1.644 participantes em Bucaramanga, Colômbia (idade media 36 anos; desvio padrão = 8.5 anos; 63% homens), foi implementado protocolo de recuperação dos participantes que incluiu quatro estratégias sequenciais: (1) contato telefônico; (2) envio de correspondência; (3) visita ao domicílio; e (4) publicação de avisos na imprensa. Depois dos passos 1-2, tentou-se refrescar a informação de contato em bases de dados governamentais para voltar a aplicar paralelamente a sequência 1-2 nas pessoas que não foram contatadas. Foram calculadas as taxas de contacto brutas e ponderadas por estratégia do protocolo de recuperação dos participantes e o rendimento global. Foi estimada a associação entre as características dos participantes na linha de base e o seu estado depois do protocolo de recuperação dos participantes por meio de regressão logística múltipla. Foram contatados 1.258 (76,4%) participantes; o 65% (n = 825) através de contacto telefônico. As taxas de contato ponderadas foram: 41% contato telefônico, 14,6% correspondência e 31% visitas. O contato através de avisos no jornal foi virtualmente nulo. Uma idade > 36 anos (OR = 1,48); estrato socioeconômico baixo (OR = 1,42) ou ser proprietário de casa na linha de base (OR = 2,05) foram associados ao re-contato. Consistente com outras descrições, o contato telefônico é a estratégia do re-contato com maior rendimento em estudos longitudinais. Os indivíduos com características que aumentam a mobilidade geográfica poderiam precisar de períodos de acompanhamento mais estreitos e estratégias de contacto adicionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Patient Selection , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Blood Donors , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Colombia
12.
S. Afr. j. bioeth. law ; 12(1): 4-7, 2019.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1270203

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the claim that decolonisation is an appropriate and legitimate value in the process of current-day biomedical research, particularly in Africa. Can we expect that the nature and effects of the decolonisation of research will be comparable and similar for all scientific disciplines (obviously including the biomedical disciplines), or does the claim to significant differences between the 'natural'and 'human' sciences have notable implications for our understanding of both the nature and the effects of decolonisation, as well as for our understanding of the biomedical disciplines themselves? In this article I firstly analyse the notion of decolonisation . Secondly, I investigate the legitimacy of holding and maintaining a conceptual difference between the natural and the human sciences. I do this in conversation with Charles Taylor and Jürgen Habermas, who have produced invaluable contributions in this regard. Thirdly, I apply these insights to the question as to whethethedecolonialist project (the general legitimacy of which I accept) is equally applicable to both the natural and the human sciencesin their traditional formats. Finally, I discuss the relevance of this debate for both the nature of the biomedical sciences and the question as to the extent to which the biomedical sciences can and ought to be successfully decolonised ­ a question that is answered in the affirmative


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/methods , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , South Africa
14.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 24: 1-7, 2018. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484746

ABSTRACT

In general, clinical research network capacity building refers to programs aimed at enhancing networks of researchers to conduct clinical research. Although in the literature there is a large body of research on how to develop and build capacity in clinical research networks, the conceptualizations and implementations remain controversial and challenging. Moreover, the experiences learnt from the past accomplishments and failures can assist in the future capacity building efforts to be more practical, effective and efficient. In this paper, we aim to provide an overview of capacity building in clinical research network by (1) identifying the key barriers to clinical research network capacity building, (2) providing insights into how to overcome those obstacles, and (3) sharing our experiences in collaborating with national and international partners to build capacity in clinical research networks. In conclusion, we have provided some insight into how to address the key factors of clinical research network capacity building and shared some empirical experiences. A successful capacity building practice requires a joint endeavor to procure sufficient resources and support from the relevant stakeholders, to ensure its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability.


Subject(s)
Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Research Personnel/education , Mentoring/methods
15.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 21(1): 14-19, 2018. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1017175

ABSTRACT

En este ensayo, el autor reflexiona sobre la relevancia de las investigaciones clínicas que se desarrollan con frecuencia en la actualidad. Destaca que a diferencia de la "investigación creativa, especulativa o basada en la curiosidad" (blue-sky research), que no puede ser juzgada directamente en base al impacto práctico, la investigación clínica debería ser útil: es decir, hacer una diferencia para la salud de los pacientes, o ser realizada con una perspectiva realista. Para ello realiza algunas propuestas de mejora, como ser; una correcta justificación y puesta en contexto del problema en estudio, procurar una adecuada ganancia de información, pragmatismo, estar centrada en los pacientes, ser viable, con una adecuada relación precio-calidad y transparente. Muchos estudios, aún en la mayoría de las revistas médicas generales, no satisfacen ninguna de estas características, y muy pocos satisfacen la mayoría o todas ellas. Gran parte de la investigación falla en su utilidad no por sus hallazgos, sino por su diseño. Por otro lado, el autor sostiene que las fuerzas que guían la producción y diseminación de investigación clínica inútil son claramente identificables y modificables. Se necesita una reforma. Alterar nuestro abordaje podría producir fácilmente más investigación clínica útil y, al mismo tiempo, de menor costo. (AU)


In this essay, the author reflects on the relevance of today's clinical research. Stresses that unlike blue-sky research, which can not be judged directly based on practical impact, clinical research should be useful: that is, make a difference to the health of patients, or be carried out with a realistic perspective. Proposed key features of clinical investigation to achieve that are: problem based, context placement, information gain, pragmatism, patient centered, value for money, feasibility and transparency. Many studies, even those published in core clinical journals, do not satisfy any of these characteristics, and very few satisfy most or all of them. Most research fails in its utility not because of its findings, but because of its design. On the other hand, the author argues that the forces that guide the production and dissemination of useless clinical research are clearly identifiable and modifiable. A reform is needed. Altering our approach could easily produce more useful clinical research and, at the same time, with lower cost. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Biomedical Research/standards , Biomedical Research/classification , Biomedical Research/organization & administration
16.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 42: e32, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961808

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN En Cuba, la investigación para la salud se basa en las prioridades de la política científica nacional, derivadas del estado de salud de la población. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características del Sistema de Ciencia e Innovación Tecnológica en el sector y cómo los resultados de sus investigaciones benefician la salud de los grupos poblacionales. Para ello se seleccionaron investigaciones relacionadas con la generación de productos y tecnologías, la diabetes, el dengue y la discapacidad. Este sistema sigue los preceptos metodológicos del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente y cuenta con 37 entidades de investigación. Se organiza en programas y proyectos que favorecen la investigación básica y aplicada, con un enfoque multidisciplinario e intersectorial; estos son financiados mayormente por el Estado y organizados en ciclos cerrados o completos, es decir, una misma entidad se encarga de todo el proceso, desde la investigación hasta la comercialización, incluidos los estudios de mercados y la vigilancia poscomercialización. Las investigaciones seleccionadas evidencian la armonía entre la investigación, la generalización de los resultados y su efecto en mejorar la salud y el acceso universal de la población. Se lograron resultados en métodos de diagnóstico, vacunas preventivas y terapéuticas, signos de alarma para el pronóstico y tratamiento del dengue, prevención de malformaciones congénitas, y políticas y programas que han beneficiado a las personas con discapacidad y sus familiares. La voluntad del Estado para desarrollar y financiar la investigación científica, la acción intersectorial, la definición de las prioridades de investigación, y la preparación y atención sistemática del capital humano han sido factores determinantes para el cumplimiento de los objetivos del sistema.


ABSTRACT In Cuba, health research is based on the priorities of national scientific policy, derived from the health status of the population. The objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of the System of Science and Technological Innovation and how the results of its research benefit the health of the population groups. To this end, research related to the generation of products and technologies, diabetes, dengue and disability was selected. This system follows a methodology outlined by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment and has 37 research entities. It is organized into programs and projects that favor basic and applied research, with a multidisciplinary and intersectoral approach; these programs and projects are funded mostly by the State and are organized in self-contained cycles, i.e., the same entity is responsible for the entire process, from research to marketing, including market studies and post-marketing surveillance. The selected research shows an alignment between the research, the generalization of the results and its effect in improving health and universal access to health in the population. Positive results were obtained in diagnostic methods, preventive and therapeutic vaccines, warning signs for the prognosis and treatment of dengue, prevention of congenital malformations, and policies and programs that have benefited people with disabilities and their families. The will of the State to develop and fund scientific research, intersectoral action, the definition of research priorities, and the systematic training and attention to human resources have been key factors for the fulfillment of the objectives of the system.


RESUMO Em Cuba, a pesquisa em saúde baseia-se nas prioridades da política científica nacional, derivadas do estado de saúde da população. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as características do Sistema de Ciência e Inovação Tecnológica e como os resultados de suas pesquisas beneficiam a saúde dos grupos populacionais. Para este fim, foram selecionadas pesquisas relacionadas à geração de produtos e tecnologias, diabetes, dengue e deficiência. Este sistema segue a metodologia do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente e possui 37 entidades de pesquisa. Está organizado em programas e projetos que favorecem pesquisas básicas e aplicadas, com abordagem multidisciplinar e intersetorial; estes são financiados principalmente pelo Estado e organizados em ciclos fechados ou completos, ou seja, a mesma entidade é responsável por todo o processo, desde pesquisa até marketing, incluindo estudos de mercado e vigilância pós-comercialização. As pesquisas selecionadas mostram a harmonia entre a pesquisa, a generalização dos resultados e seus efeitos na melhoria da saúde e no acesso universal à saúde na população. Resultados positivos foram obtidos em métodos de diagnóstico, vacinas preventivas e terapêuticas, sinais de alerta para o prognóstico e tratamento da dengue, prevenção de malformações congênitas e políticas e programas que beneficiaram pessoas com deficiência e suas famílias. A vontade do Estado de desenvolver e financiar pesquisas científicas, ações intersetoriais, a definição de prioridades de pesquisa e o treinamento e atenção sistemática do capital humano têm sido fatores determinantes para o cumprimento dos objetivos do sistema.


Subject(s)
Health Programs and Plans/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Health Sciences, Technology, and Innovation Management , National Science, Technology and Innovation Policy , Research Design , Cuba
17.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(5): 1441-1454, maio 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-839971

ABSTRACT

Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de agregar relevo a algumas questões de base que podem ser úteis em um amplo processo de revisão do tema para a gestão das políticas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde (CT&I/S), bem como suas estratégias e prioridades. Trata-se de um ensaio analítico amparado por extensa revisão narrativa de literatura técnica, jornalística, legislação e portarias do governo federal. Como resultados conclui-se que o Complexo Produtivo da Saúde necessita, de modo indeclinável e crescente, da ciência para a sua manutenção. É possível inferir que vem sendo construído, no Brasil, um arcabouço de marcos institucionais que fortalece, orienta e incentiva as atividades de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) no país e que a investigação clínica gera conhecimento científico para a resolução dos agravos da saúde pública, a partir da geração de novos insumos ou incremento de técnicas, processos e tecnologias já existentes, que, por sua vez, serão produzidos, comercializados e empregados nos seus diferentes segmentos, alimentando, assim, todo o processo do Complexo Produtivo da Saúde.


Abstract The purpose of this article is to highlight a number of underlying issues that may be useful for a comprehensive review of the management of Health-Related Science, Technology and Innovation policies (ST&I/H), and its strategies and priorities. It is an analytical study supported by an extensive review of the technical and journalistic literature, clippings, legislation and federal government directives. The results show that the Healthcare Production Complex undeniably and increasingly needs science to maintain itself. One may infer that a framework of institutional milestones is being built in Brazil, to strengthen, guide and encourage Research and Development, and that clinical research creates scientific knowledge to address public healthcare issues by generating new inputs or enhancing existing techniques, processes and technologies that will be produced, marketed and used in the different segments, thus feeding the Healthcare Productive Complex.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Health Policy , Brazil , Public Health , Delivery of Health Care/trends , Biomedical Research/trends , Inventions
18.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(3): 987-996, mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-952610

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo métrico e descritivo foi identificar os autores mais produtivos e suas redes colaborativas de pesquisa a partir de artigos publicados na Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva entre 2005 e 2014. Os autores que satisfazem o critério de corte de pelo menos 10 artigos no período foram considerados os mais produtivos. Os programas VOSviewer e Network Workbench foram aplicados para as representações visuais das redes colaborativas de pesquisa envolvendo os autores mais produtivos no período. Uma análise inicial recuperou 2511 artigos distintos com 8920 autores no total e uma média de 3,55 autores por artigo. A análise de autores revelou 6288 autores distintos, sendo 24 destes identificados como os mais produtivos. Esses 24 autores produziram 287 artigos com uma média de 4,31 autores por artigo, e representaram 8 parcerias colaborativas separadas, a maior delas com 14 autores, indicando um grau significativo de colaboração entre eles. Esta análise oferece uma representação visual das redes de conhecimento desenvolvidas na área de saúde coletiva e demonstra a importância das tecnologias aplicadas em pesquisa futura.


Abstract The purpose of this metric and descriptive study was to identify the most productive authors and their collaborative research networks from articles published in Ciência & Saúde Coletiva between, 2005, and 2014. Authors meeting the cutoff criteria of at least 10 articles were considered the most productive authors. VOSviewer and Network Workbench technologies were applied for visual representations of collaborative research networks involving the most productive authors in the period. Initial analysis recovered 2511 distinct articles, with 8920 total authors with an average of 3.55 authors per article. Author analysis revealed 6288 distinct authors, 24 of these authors were identified as the most productive. These 24 authors generated 287 articles with an average of 4.31 authors per article, and represented 8 separate collaborative partnerships, the largest of which had 14 authors, indicating a significant degree of collaboration among these authors. This analysis provides a visual representation of networks of knowledge development in public health and demonstrates the usefulness of VOSviewer and Network Workbench technologies in future research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Authorship , Cooperative Behavior , Biomedical Research/organization & administration , Publishing
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL